Field Diaries:
(Initial reports)

Contribution to Understanding the Past

Field diaries of exploration & excavation officers are documentation Tools, comprehensive Records, chronological Account, supplemental Media, Post-Excavation Analysis and Contribution to Understanding the Past.

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Field Diaries of Exploration & Excavation Officers

Field diaries of exploration and excavation officers serve as essential documentation tools that chronicle the daily activities, observations, and findings during archaeological and exploratory endeavors.

  • Historical Documentation: Field diaries of exploration and excavation officers involved in studying the Indus Valley Civilization serve as crucial historical documentation tools.
  • Site Details: These diaries meticulously record geographical coordinates, excavation methodologies, and specifics about the archaeological sites related to the Indus Valley Civilization.
  • Artifact Descriptions: Officers detail their findings, including descriptions of artifacts, pottery, tools, and any other cultural or historical items uncovered during the excavation.
  • Contextual Information: The diaries include observations about the stratigraphy and context of discoveries, helping to establish the historical context and spatial relationships between different findings.
  • Illustrations and Photographs: In addition to written records, field diaries often contain illustrations, drawings, and photographs of the excavated items and the overall site, providing visual documentation for future analysis.
  • Cultural Significance: These records contribute significantly to understanding the cultural, social, and economic aspects of the Indus Valley Civilization, aiding researchers in reconstructing the lifestyle and practices of the ancient inhabitants.
  • Archaeological Methodologies: The diaries may detail the excavation techniques and methodologies employed, offering insights into the challenges and strategies used by exploration and excavation officers during their work on Indus Valley sites.
  • Post-Excavation Research: Researchers rely on these diaries for post-excavation research, helping to analyze and interpret the findings in the broader context of the civilization’s history.
  • Preservation of Knowledge: The meticulous recording in field diaries ensures the preservation of valuable information, contributing to the ongoing scholarly understanding of the Indus Valley Civilization and its significance in human history.

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Bhanbhore Sindh 83 (145) M R Mughal 1965

The Year 1965 Notebook No 83 (145) Writer Name: M Rafique Mughal, Date: 16 January 1965 to 14 March 1965 Key Words (English): Bhanbhore, Excavations, Deep Trech, Defense Wall, Evidence, Horizons, Site, Bastian, Gateway, Occupation Level, Stone Grinding Mill, Area,...

Bhanbhore Sindh 82 (146) Gulzar Muhammad Khan 1964

The Year 1964 Notebook No 82 (146) Writer Name: Gulzar Muhammad Khan, Date: 12 March 1964 to 28 April 1964 Key Words (English): Records, Observations, Excavation, Gulzar Mohammad Khan, Gallery Assistant, Archaeological Museum, Bhambore, Corner, Bastian, Distance,...

Bhanbhore Sindh 136 (142) Gulzar Mohammad Khan 1963

The Year 1963 Notebook No 136 (142) Writer Name: Gulzar Muhammad Khan, Date: 16 January 1963 to 8 April 1963 Key Words (English): Clearance, Work, Trench, Square, Last Year, Defense Wall, Sector, Layer, Depth, Section, Heaps, Earth, Ivory Bead, Incised Decoration,...

Bhanbhore Sindh 81 (189) Ihsan H Nadeem 1963

The Year 1963 Notebook No 81 (189) Writer Name: Ihsan H Nadeem, Date: 11 March 1963 to 4 April 1963 Key Words (English): Excavation, Progress, Portion, Square, Layer, Gritty, Earth, Extension, Mud Brick, Structure, Stone, Foundation, Section, Pit, Corner, Trench,...

Bhanbhore Sindh 80 (143) Gulzar Mohammad Khan 1963

The Year 1963 Notebook No 80 (143) Writer Name: Gulzar Muhammad Khan, Date: 11 November 1963 to 11 March 1964 Key Words (English): Record, Observations, Gulzar Mohammad Khan, Gallery Assistant, Archaeological Museum, Bhambore, Season, Face, Defense Wall, Corner,...

Bhanbhore Sindh 195 A K M Amjad Hussain Mian 1962

The Year 1962 Notebook No 195 Writer Name: A K M Amjad Hussain Mian, Date: 30 March 1962 to 31 May 1963 Key Words (English): Bhambore, Thatta, Place, Civilization, Town, Sind, Foundation, 1st Century B.C, Archaeologists, Pakistan, History, City, Citadel, Site, Origin,...

Bhanbhore Sindh 78 (185) Ihsan H Nadiem 1962 63

The Year 1962 Notebook No 78 (185) Writer Name: Ihsan H Nadeem, Date: 20 December 1962 to 10 March 1963 Key Words (English): Clearance Work, Fortification Wall, Sector, Mr Sadar Din, Area, Mansion, Rain, Progress, Earth, Floor, Copper Spoon, Length, Operations,...

Bhanbhore Sindh 77 (196) Ihsan H Nadiem 1962

The Year 1962 Notebook No 77 (196) Writer Name: Ihsan H Nadeem, Date: 21 February 1962 to 29 May 1962 Key Words (English): Trench, Locus, Line, Part, Section, Distance, Face, Mud Brick Wall, White Wash, Area, Soil, Colour, Character, Mud Bricks, Excavation, Depth,...

Bhanbhore Sindh 76 (188) Ihsan H Nadiem 1962

The Year 1962 Notebook No 76 (188) Writer Name: Ihsan H Nadeem, Date: 5 January 1962 to 20 February 1962 Key Words (English): Bhambore, Site, Side, Gharo, Creak, Mound, Seat, Hindu, Muslim, Settlements, Indus River, bed, Course, debris, Destruction, Fire, Invaders,...

Bhanbhore Sindh 75 (184) No Name 1962

The Year 1962 Notebook No 75 (184) Writer Name: No Name, Date: 21 February 1962 to 9 May 1962 Key Words (English): Layer, Soil, Colour, Ashy, Glass Fragments, Ivory Pieces, Bone Fragments, Potsherds, Copper Coin, Square, Stones, Fortification Wall, Bottom, Floor,...

Bhanbhore Sindh 74 (197) Ranjit Kumar Sarma 1962

The Year 1962 Notebook No 74 (197) Writer Name: Ranjit Kumar Sharma Date: 31 March 1962 to 23 May 1962 Key Words (English): Bhambore, Civilization, District, Thatta, West Pakistan, Light, History, Indo-Pakistan, Sind, Medieval World, Archaeologists, Historians,...

Bhanbhore Sindh 73 (193) M R Mughal 1962

The Year 1962 Notebook No 73 (193) Writer Name: M Rafique Mughal, Date: 28 April 1962 Key Words (English): Sector, Square, Trench, Layer, Earth, Stones, Top, Soil, Human, Graves, Spot, Heaps, Skeletons, Surface, Disturbance, Section, Boundary, Wall, Mosque, Bottom,...

Bhanbhore Sindh 72 (186) M R Mughal 1962

The Year 1962 Notebook No 72 (186) Writer Name: M Rafique Mughal, Date: 01 January 1962 to 23 January 1962 Keywords (English): Sector, Work, Soil, Charcoal Pieces, Bone Fragments, Level, Bottom, Layer, Ashy Colour, Water, Floor, Stones, Breadth, Trench, Late Period...

Bhanbhore Sindh 71 (194) M R Mughal 1962

The Year 1962 Notebook No 71 (194) Writer Name: M Rafique Mughal, Date: 24 January 1962 to 6 February 1962 Key Words (English): Central Sector, Entrance Porch, Soil, Stones, Earth, Level, Step, Top, Fossilized Shell, Side, Line, Width, Rough Stone, Sand, Position,...

Bhanbhore Sindh 70 (190) Niaz Rasool 1962

The Year 1962 Notebook No 70 (190) Writer Name: Niaz Rasool, Date: 17 January 1962 to 8 February 1962 Key Words (English): Trench, Layer, Depth, Soil, Pits, Disturbance, Burials, Skeletons, Section, Faces, Measurement, Side, Wall, Doorway, Width, Mud Plaster, Pots,...

Bhanbhore Sindh 67 (166) Tushar Kanti Barua 1962

The Year 1962 Notebook No 67 (166) Writer Name: Tushar Kanti Barua, Date: 14 April1962 to 22 May 1962 Key Words (English): Sector, Temple, Area, Plam, Shiva Lingam, Pedestal, Concrete, Floor, Trench, Stones, Soil, Stone Wall, Drain, Hearths, Concentration, Ashes,...

Bhanbhore Sindh 58 (134) Taswir Husain Hamidi 1961

The Year 1961 Notebook No 58 (134) Writer Name: Taswir Hussain, Date: 14 March 1961 to 27 March 1961 Key Words (English): Gritty Earth, Top, Mud Brick, Room, Floor, Level, Compartment, Slope, House, Ashes, Charcoal Pieces, Corner, Wall, Stone, Pottery, Graffito...

Bhanbhore Sindh 195 (149) M D Abdul Qadir 1961

The Year 1961 Notebook No 195 (149) Writer Name: M D Abdul Qadir, Date: 5 February 1961 to 16 March 1961 Key Words (English): Surface, Square, Slope, Rain, Night, 3rd February, Soil, Sandy, Debris, Mud Brick, Wall, Stone Foundation, Pottery, Ivory Piece, Copper Knob,...

Bhanbhore Sindh 69 (165) Farid Khan 1961

The Year 1961 Notebook No 69 (165) Writer Name: Fareed Khan, Date: 16 March 1961 to 31 March 1961 Key Words (English). Soil, Charcoal Pieces, Floor, Fire Place, Sherds, Oil Lamp, Room, Earth, Photographic Record, Kankar, Clay, Corner, Wall, Soak Pit, Masonry,...

Bhanbhore Sindh 66 (141) Muhammad Sharif 1961

The Year 1961 Notebook No 66 (141) Writer Name: Muhammad Sharif, Date: 11 February 1961 to 11 May 1961 Key Words (English): Camp, Banbhore, Muhammad Sharif, Mr. Fazal Qadir, Custodian, Lahore Fort, Karachi, Khyber Mail, Head Office, Khurshid Ul Hasan, Superintendent,...

Bhanbhore Sindh 65 (167) Niaz Rasool 1961

The Year 1961 Notebook No 65 (167) Writer Name: Niaz Rasool, Date: 23 November 1961 to 17 January 1962 Key Words (English): Bambhore, Mr. Mughal, Field Officer, Citadel Area, Unfortified Outer Area, Fortification Wall, Semi Circular Towers, Floor, Undressed Stones,...

Bhanbhore Sindh 63 (168) M R Mughal 1961

The Year 1961 Notebook No 63 (168) Writer Name: M Rafique Mughal, Date: 24 December 1960 to 29 March 1961 Key Words (English): Mud Brick, Room, Surface, Human, Skeleton, Photographic Records, Head, House, Stone Foundation, Wall, Patches, Black Ashes, Pottery, Floor,...

Bhanbhore Sindh 79 (116) M D Abdul Qadir 1960

The Year 1960 Notebook No 79 (116) Writer Name: M D Abdul Qadir, Date: 25 May 1960 to 12 June 1960 Key Words (English): Boundary Wall, Stone Wall, Soil, Mud Bricks, Stone, Brick Bats, Decayed Wood, Clay Floor, Burnt Bricks, Sandy Silt, Copper Coin, Courtyard, Pocket,...

Bhanbhore Sindh 61 (221) M R Mughal 1961

The Year 1961 Notebook No 61 (221) Writer Name: M Rafique Mughal, Date: 12 March 1961 to 7 May 1961 Key Words (English):  Photographs, Gang, Camp, Trench, Workmen, Jeep, Karachi, Tent, Muster Rolls, Dr Khan, Hamid, Sarwar, Mr. Baig, Head Office, Pottery, Article,...

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